The Iodine is an essential micronutrient and widely used disinfecting element that serves many purposes in life. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, requires iodine to produce hormones that control metabolism, energy levels, heartbeat, body temperature, and brain function. Since iodine cannot be produced naturally inside the body, it must be consumed through foods or supplements. The largest natural iodine reserves exist in seawater and brine deposits. Marine organisms absorb iodine from seawater, making seafood one of the best natural sources for iodine intake. Edible seaweed and kelp also collect iodine naturally, which is why they are some of the most iodine-dense foods in the world. Milk and dairy products also contain iodine, partly due to iodine-based disinfectants used in cattle farming hygiene practices. One of the most reliable sources for the general population remains iodized salt, fortified specifically to prevent iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency, if prolonged, can lead to thyroid swelling, low energy, slow metabolism, and reduced mental focus. In medical hygiene, iodine is one of the most trusted antiseptics because it kills bacteria, fungi, and viruses efficiently when applied to cuts or skin. It is used to sterilize the skin before surgical procedures and prevent infection. Chemically, iodine stands out because of its shiny dark-purple crystalline form and purple-colored gas when heated. Although iodine is safe when used properly, both low and high iodine levels can disrupt thyroid balance. Maintaining the right iodine amount is key for health, hygiene, and proper body function.